ريلز
Electric charges attract and repel
Matter is made of atoms and molecules
Atomic number and mass number
Main energy levels
Elements and their symbols
Periodic table: periods and groups
Energy sublevels (s, p, d, f)
Orbitals
Aufbau principle (order of filling)
Magnets and magnetic fields
Electron spin and the Pauli principle
Writing electronic configurations
Blocks of the periodic table
Transition elements in the periodic table
Main transition elements (d-block)
The four transition series
Elements of the first transition series
Light and waves
Electromagnetic radiation (UV, X-rays, gamma)
Economic importance of scandium and titanium
Valency and writing chemical formulas
Writing and balancing chemical equations
Catalyst
Properties of metals and non-metals
Acids, bases and salts
Acidic and basic oxides
Rusting and corrosion
Oxidation and reduction by oxygen
Economic importance of vanadium and chromium
Chemical activity series of metals
Why chromium resists the effect of atmosphere
Economic importance of manganese
Isotopes and average atomic mass
Radioactivity and gamma rays
Economic importance of iron and cobalt
Economic importance of nickel
Economic importance of copper and zinc
Hund's rule and orbital-box diagrams
Electronic configuration of the first transition series
Abnormal electronic configuration of chromium and copper
Ions (cations and anions)
Ions: 4s electrons are lost first
Oxidation state in compounds
Oxidation and reduction by electrons
Iron(II) is easily oxidized while manganese(II) is not
Oxidation states from Sc to Zn
Atomic radius trend
Ionization energy
Why several oxidation states
Definition of the transition element
Are coinage metals and zinc transition elements?
Atomic mass: why nickel is abnormal
Atomic radius: nearly constant
The metallic property
States of matter, melting and boiling points
Ionic and covalent bonds
Metallic bond
High melting and boiling points
Density
Density increases with atomic number
Paramagnetic and diamagnetic substances
Unpaired electrons and magnetic moment
Bond breaking and bond forming
Activation energy and energy profile
Catalytic activity of transition elements
Reading equations: states and conditions
Haber-Bosch method for ammonia
Nickel, iron and V₂O₅ as catalysts
Elements, compounds and mixtures
Iron: abundance and suitability of iron ore
Water of crystallization
Important iron ores
Separating mixtures
Ore dressing: crushing, sintering, concentrating
Types of chemical reactions
Molar mass
Mass percentage of an element
Roasting of iron ore
Reduction in the blast furnace
Natural gas (methane)
Reduction in the Midrex furnace
Iron production and steel
Electric current
Electroplating
Alloys: definition and preparation
Interstitial alloys
Substitutional alloys
Intermetallic alloys
Physical properties of iron
Effect of air and water vapour
Iron with non-metals: chlorine and sulphur
Concentrated and dilute solutions
Metal + dilute acid
Iron with dilute acids
Iron with hot concentrated sulphuric acid
Passivity of iron
Iron(II) oxide FeO
Iron(III) oxide Fe₂O₃
Magnetic iron oxide Fe₃O₄
Iron and its oxides: reaction diagrams
